The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to
Digital Signal Processing
By Steven W. Smith, Ph.D.
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Table of contents
1: The Breadth and Depth of DSP
The Roots of DSP
Telecommunications
Audio Processing
Echo Location
Image Processing
2: Statistics, Probability and Noise
Signal and Graph Terminology
Mean and Standard Deviation
Signal vs. Underlying Process
The Histogram, Pmf and Pdf
The Normal Distribution
Digital Noise Generation
Precision and Accuracy
3: ADC and DAC
Quantization
The Sampling Theorem
Digital-to-Analog Conversion
Analog Filters for Data Conversion
Selecting The Antialias Filter
Multirate Data Conversion
Single Bit Data Conversion
4: DSP Software
Computer Numbers
Fixed Point (Integers)
Floating Point (Real Numbers)
Number Precision
Execution Speed: Program Language
Execution Speed: Hardware
Execution Speed: Programming Tips
5: Linear Systems
Signals and Systems
Requirements for Linearity
Static Linearity and Sinusoidal Fidelity
Examples of Linear and Nonlinear Systems
Special Properties of Linearity
Superposition: the Foundation of DSP
Common Decompositions
Alternatives to Linearity
6: Convolution
The Delta Function and Impulse Response
Convolution
The Input Side Algorithm
The Output Side Algorithm
The Sum of Weighted Inputs
7: Properties of Convolution
Common Impulse Responses
Mathematical Properties
Correlation
Speed
8: The Discrete Fourier Transform
The Family of Fourier Transform
Notation and Format of the Real DFT
The Frequency Domain's Independent Variable
DFT Basis Functions
Synthesis, Calculating the Inverse DFT
Analysis, Calculating the DFT
Duality
Polar Notation
Polar Nuisances
9: Applications of the DFT
Spectral Analysis of Signals
Frequency Response of Systems
Convolution via the Frequency Domain
10: Fourier Transform Properties
Linearity of the Fourier Transform
Characteristics of the Phase
Periodic Nature of the DFT
Compression and Expansion, Multirate methods
Multiplying Signals (Amplitude Modulation)
The Discrete Time Fourier Transform
Parseval's Relation
11: Fourier Transform Pairs
Delta Function Pairs
The Sinc Function
Other Transform Pairs
Gibbs Effect
Harmonics
Chirp Signals
12: The Fast Fourier Transform
Real DFT Using the Complex DFT
How the FFT works
FFT Programs
Speed and Precision Comparisons
Further Speed Increases
13: Continuous Signal Processing
The Delta Function
Convolution
The Fourier Transform
The Fourier Series
14: Introduction to Digital Filters
Filter Basics
How Information is Represented in Signals
Time Domain Parameters
Frequency Domain Parameters
High-Pass, Band-Pass and Band-Reject Filters
Filter Classification
15: Moving Average Filters
Implementation by Convolution
Noise Reduction vs. Step Response
Frequency Response
Relatives of the Moving Average Filter
Recursive Implementation
16: Windowed-Sinc Filters
Strategy of the Windowed-Sinc
Designing the Filter
Examples of Windowed-Sinc Filters
Pushing it to the Limit
17: Custom Filters
Arbitrary Frequency Response
Deconvolution
Optimal Filters
18: FFT Convolution
The Overlap-Add Method
FFT Convolution
Speed Improvements
19: Recursive Filters
The Recursive Method
Single Pole Recursive Filters
Narrow-band Filters
Phase Response
Using Integers
20: Chebyshev Filters
The Chebyshev and Butterworth Responses
Designing the Filter
Step Response Overshoot
Stability
21: Filter Comparison
Match #1: Analog vs. Digital Filters
Match #2: Windowed-Sinc vs. Chebyshev
Match #3: Moving Average vs. Single Pole
22: Audio Processing
Human Hearing
Timbre
Sound Quality vs. Data Rate
High Fidelity Audio
Companding
Speech Synthesis and Recognition
Nonlinear Audio Processing
23: Image Formation & Display
Digital Image Structure
Cameras and Eyes
Television Video Signals
Other Image Acquisition and Display
Brightness and Contrast Adjustments
Grayscale Transforms
Warping
24: Linear Image Processing
Convolution
3x3 Edge Modification
Convolution by Separability
Example of a Large PSF: Illumination Flattening
Fourier Image Analysis
FFT Convolution
A Closer Look at Image Convolution
25: Special Imaging Techniques
Spatial Resolution
Sample Spacing and Sampling Aperture
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Morphological Image Processing
Computed Tomography
26: Neural Networks (and more!)
Target Detection
Neural Network Architecture
Why Does it Work?
Training the Neural Network
Evaluating the Results
Recursive Filter Design
27: Data Compression
Data Compression Strategies
Run-Length Encoding
Huffman Encoding
Delta Encoding
LZW Compression
JPEG (Transform Compression)
MPEG
28: Digital Signal Processors
How DSPs are Different from Other Microprocessors
Circular Buffering
Architecture of the Digital Signal Processor
Fixed versus Floating Point
C versus Assembly
How Fast are DSPs?
The Digital Signal Processor Market
29: Getting Started with DSPs
The ADSP-2106x family
The SHARC EZ-KIT Lite
Design Example: An FIR Audio Filter
Analog Measurements on a DSP System
Another Look at Fixed versus Floating Point
Advanced Software Tools
30: Complex Numbers
The Complex Number System
Polar Notation
Using Complex Numbers by Substitution
Complex Representation of Sinusoids
Complex Representation of Systems
Electrical Circuit Analysis
31: The Complex Fourier Transform
The Real DFT
Mathematical Equivalence
The Complex DFT
The Family of Fourier Transforms
Why the Complex Fourier Transform is Used
32: The Laplace Transform
The Nature of the s-Domain
Strategy of the Laplace Transform
Analysis of Electric Circuits
The Importance of Poles and Zeros
Filter Design in the s-Domain
33: The z-Transform
The Nature of the z-Domain
Analysis of Recursive Systems
Cascade and Parallel Stages
Spectral Inversion
Gain Changes
Chebyshev-Butterworth Filter Design
The Best and Worst of DSP
34: Explaining Benford's Law
Frank Benford's Discovery
Homomorphic Processing
The Ones Scaling Test
Writing Benford's Law as a Convolution
Solving in the Frequency Domain
Solving Mystery #1
Solving Mystery #2
More on Following Benford's law
Analysis of the Log-Normal Distribution
The Power of Signal Processing
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Chapter 31 - The Complex Fourier Transform
/ Why the Complex Fourier Transform is Used
Chapter 31: The Complex Fourier Transform
Why the Complex Fourier Transform is Used
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